According to Stoic designer and co-founder Alex Thomas, that difficulty is a powerful resource for developers to tap into, so long as it has meaning. Death is a result of a player's lack of judgment and foresight, and not a means of artificially boosting difficulty. It's punishing, but like the best gaming punishments, it follows its own rules. It's a deceptively simple system one you might smugly consider a breeze, until your first misstep. Heroes that fall in battle will require a few days rest before they can fight at full strength - and those who fall too many times will die permanently. Getting wrapped up in the arithmetic of your enemies' attributes will sometimes draw your attention away from those of your own, leaving a vulnerable archer or magic user undefended. It takes the judicious targeting of both - along with each hero's limited set of special abilities - to win the day. When attacking, you're given the choice to target either of these stats do you try to weaken the enemy and bring them closer to death by hitting their Strength, or set up attacks from your teammates by lowering their Armor? If you leave either stat unchecked, you'll be in hot water, facing off against an army of heavy hitters or impenetrable walls. The latter protects them from big hits - if your Armor rating is higher than an attacking enemy's Strength, their blow will do a pathetic amount of damage. As it depletes when the hero takes hits, their own ability to deal damage is diminished. The first not only determines how hard a hero can hit their opponent it serves as their health, too. It's easy to learn, difficult to master and, on occasion, remarkably brutal.Įach hero in your stable has a number of defining attributes affecting their movement, special ability and so on, but most of the proceedings in combat hinge upon just two stats: Strength and Armor. Both its tactical considerations and role-playing game customization elements boil down to just a handful of relatively simple mechanics. The Banner Saga, a streamlined strategy game from new Austin-based development outfit Stoic Games, peels away much of the complications that the genre is known for. I was ready for the harsh, unforgiving tone of The Banner Saga's turn-based battles what I wasn't prepped for was the relentless danger of the world in which those battles take place.
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The ship would not have looked all that different from a Viking longship, though being somewhat broader and lacking the elongated bow and stern of those vessels. This being the case, the ship carrying the four year-old Alfred would have been a trading vessel. Apart from a few clerics and wealthy pilgrims such as Alfred, most voyages were conducted by traders. Long-distance travel was rare in this period and overseas travel even more so. And it is important to note that there were no cross-Channel ferries in the ninth century. Rowing is more practical when your main cargo is people, less so when you are carrying goods to trade. By the ninth century, however, their descendants would have been thoroughly familiar with sailing vessels. The fifth-century Germanic warriors his father Æthelwulf claimed descent from almost certainly rowed to Britain, in ships without sails. Unfortunately, the Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis is a rather fantastical tale, describing a very different sort of voyage in a very different sort of boat (a curragh/coracle) from that which the young Alfred would have travelled on. 900, from Ireland, all about a sea voyage. There are plenty of mentions of people going to and from the Continent, but little as to the specifics of being on a boat. The current rotation is:Īs you might imagine, our sources for maritime travel from Britain to the Continent are not particularly detailed. Previous AMAs | Previous Roundtables Featuresįeature posts are posted weekly. May 25th | Panel AMA with /r/AskBibleScholars Please Subscribe to our Google Calendar for Upcoming AMAs and Events To nominate someone else as a Quality Contributor, message the mods. Our flaired users have detailed knowledge of their historical specialty and a proven record of excellent contributions to /r/AskHistorians. Please Read and Understand the Rules Before Contributing. Report Comments That Break Reddiquette or the Subreddit Rules. Serious On-Topic Comments Only: No Jokes, Anecdotes, Clutter, or other Digressions. Provide Primary and Secondary Sources If Asked. Write Original, In-Depth and Comprehensive Answers, Using Good Historical Practices. Questions should be clear and specific in what they ask, and should be able to get detailed answers from historians whose expertise is likely to be in particular times and places. Nothing Less Than 20 Years Old, and Don't Soapbox. Be Nice: No Racism, Bigotry, or Offensive Behavior. Downvote and Report comments that are unhelpful or grossly off-topic.Upvote informative, well sourced answers.450-1100.New to /r/AskHistorians? Please read our subreddit rules and FAQ before posting! Apply for Flair Genre headingĮnglish literature Old English, ca. Latin language, Medieval and modern- Readers- Early works to 1800. Subject headings Latin language, Medieval and modern- Study and teaching- Early works to 1800. Latin text with interlinear Old and modern English translation. Wooden slipcase by Mario Messina"-Colophon.īound long-stitch and issued in a wooden slipcase. Bound in Gray Flax Canal from Papeterie Saint-Armand with endpapers of Barcham Green Renaissance III. Printed at the Janus Press by Andrew Miller-Brown from Boxcar Press polymer plates on Barcham Green Sandwich. "This book was set in Palatino and Gill Sans. Originally written in Latin, and later glossed in Old English, it is also a rich source of information on daily life in Aelfric's time. " Colloquy is often used today to introduce the study of Old English just as it was used a thousand years ago to introduce conversational Latin to young boys training for monastic life. (Walter Ralph), 1933- Garmonsway, George Norman. Johnson with the original Latin and Old English gloss as edited by G.N. Ælfric's Colloquy, in a modern English translation / by W.R. Request This Author Aelfric, Abbot of Eynsham. When you draw a double that has no match on the clock at all or when you have a double on the clock but in the wrong place, this is called a "double in trouble." The 7-7 at "4:00' in the drawing is a "double in trouble." The best play, however, is likely to be on the 4-6 at the "10:00" time slot, in case you soon draw the 10-10.īy the way, never place a tile on top of a double, whether the double is in its correct time slot or not.Įxcept when it's a double tile, if you are unable to play the tile drawn from the deck because there is no match, place that tile aside, never to be drawn during the remainder of the game. If you drew the 6-10, you could play it on the 3-10, 6-1, or 4-6. When placing one tile on top of another, at least one end of the tile you are playing should match at least one end of the tile you are covering. Finally, place the double-blank tile inside your circle, at the very top, so as to "point to 12:00."Īfter the initial layout is finished, draw tiles one at a time from the deck, seeking to place each tile face up on top of another tile in your clock formation. Draw 12 tiles, and then place them, faceup, in a circular shape, placing the first tile at the point that will be considered "12:00" (where 12 would appear on a clock face), and continue by placing the second tile at '1:00' and so on, proceeding clockwise. Play: Remove the double-blank tile from the deck. For example, the 1-1 tile would be placed in the formation in the same location the 1 would appear on a clock face the 2-2 would be placed where the 2 would appear and so on. Object of the game: To arrange the 12 double tiles from the set into a circular formation, each double being positioned in the same place as it would appear on a clock face. 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Scholars back then) was the lingua franca of the land and they not only began learning it but also compiling its grammar and dictionaries. Higher than that of glossaries, Urdu owes much to the European scholars who compiled Urdu’s early grammars and dictionaries.Īpparently, the Europeans arriving in the subcontinent had realised that Hindustani (Urdu was often referred to as Hindustani with some other slightly variant spellings by European Though they were of rudimentary nature and today we would be reluctant to give them any status Titled ‘Navadir-ul-alfaaz’, Aarzoo’s work was later compiled and annotated by Dr Syed Abdullah and published by Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu, giving it a new lease of life.īut the earliest attempts at compiling an Urdu dictionary are much older than that. Scholar of repute, severely criticised the dictionary and in doing so wrote a treatise that became a piece of lexicography itself. But Sirajuddin Ali Khan Aarzoo (1687/88-1765), a poet and It manifests the high pedestal the Persian language occupied in the subcontinent until just a few centuries ago.Ĭompiled by Abdul Waase Haansvi in the late 17th century, ‘Gharaib-ul-lughaat’ was first concrete effort by a native. Strangely enough, this ‘first ever dictionary of Urdu’ enlists Urdu words but explains them in Persian. Though some of his arguments and evidences were quite convincing, most of Urdu’s scholars still favour the idea that it was basically Khusrau’s work but was interpolated over the centuries.Īside from ‘Nisaab namas’, ‘Gharaib-ul-lughaat’ is believed to be Urdu’s first regular or systematic dictionary. Hafiz Mahmood Sherani tried to establish that ‘Khaaliq baari’ was not Khusrau’s work and was compiled a few centuries later in the Mogul era. ‘Khaaliq baari’ is one of the earliest such versified, bilingual dictionary and is said to be compiled by Ameer Khusrau. Known as ‘Nisaab nama’, these were the kind of poems that explained the meanings of Persian and Arabic words in Urdu/Hindi. The earliest of Urdu dictionaries, if they can truly be called so, though I doubt it, were the versified wordbooks intended as textbooks. Interestingly, aside from a few early ones, most of the early Persian-Persian dictionaries were compiled in the subcontinent in the pre-Mogul era and these dictionaries are still considered authentic in many respects even by Iranians. But before the compilation of Urdu dictionaries, Urdu words had started appearing in the Persian-Persian dictionaries compiled in the subcontinent. WHEN we have a look at the history of Urdu lexicography, we realise that the early Urdu dictionaries were compiled mostly by Europeans. Depending on how many files you have, this could take an hour or more. Google Backup & Sync must downloaded all files the first time you log into your desktop or sync. Click the Google Backup & Sync icon at the top of the screen to check the current status of cloud sync or Visit Google Drive on the web.If you move them out of Google Drive you may delete the original file from the web. You can organize their shortcut icons in folders within the main Google Drive folder. Google Drive Docs are special icons that open in a web browser so you can edit Google Docs, Sheets & Slides on the web. You’ll need to sign into Google Drive on the web and add shared folders to your drive. Be careful: removing items may delete them from other people’s computers & devices. When you add items to a folder, they’re shared with other people. When you save changes, they’re updated on the web and other linked Macs, Windows PCs and devices when you’re back online. Since they’re stored on your Mac, you can use them even when you’re not connected to the internet. Double-click files to open them in the apps on your Mac.Create folders inside and organize, or save files directly to Google Drive from any application. Drag any files & folders to the Google Drive folder and they are uploaded.Click the Google Backup & Sync icon in the menu bar and Open Google Drive folder.Ĭan’t find it? Click the Launcher, then Google Backup & Sync That starts the app and adds it to the menu bar.Wait for Google Backup & Sync to download your files. Depending on how many files you have, the first sync could take a few minutes or even an hour.Drag Google Drive to the right side of the dock near the You can also add it to theĭock – click the Finder and the Go menu at the top of the screen, thenĬhoose Home.
This book helps you understand the theory that underpins ggplot2, and will help you create new types of graphics specifically tailored to your needs. It describes the theoretical underpinnings of ggplot2 and shows you how all the pieces fit together. If you’ve mastered the basics and want to learn more, read ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. It provides a set of recipes to solve common graphics problems. If you want to dive into making common graphics as quickly as possible, I recommend The R Graphics Cookbook by Winston Chang. In the apps settings, theres an option to make the MacGPT window always on top, so it floats over other windows. It lets you snap different app windows using keyboard shortcuts, drag-and-drop, and from the menu bar. Magnet Magnet is one of the renowned window management apps for Mac. If you’d like to follow a webinar, try Plotting Anything with ggplot2 by Thomas Lin Pedersen. Here are some of the best window management apps for macOS to keep your desktop organized. If you’d like to take an online course, try Data Visualization in R With ggplot2 by Kara Woo. R for Data Science is designed to give you a comprehensive introduction to the tidyverse, and these two chapters will get you up to speed with the essentials of ggplot2 as quickly as possible. The Data Visualisation and Graphics for communication chapters in R for Data Science. Currently, there are three good places to start: If you are new to ggplot2 you are better off starting with a systematic introduction, rather than trying to learn from reading individual documentation pages. Although you may be lucky enough to stumble upon a reliable company by accident, choosing a trustworthy service requires some research. But unfortunately, you cannot trust the first company you find, tell the writers “Write a paper for me”, and hope for the best. Why Should I Choose Write Paper For Me As My School Assistant?Ī quick Google search will unearth dozens of do-my-paper services, adding to your stress, instead of alleviating it. And nowadays, it’s as easy as typing “Make an essay for me” in live chat. Luckily, you don’t have to suffer in silence or give up on your dream of a college degree. You’re not alone, and it’s perfectly normal to struggle in a new environment and buckle under the weight of elevated expectations. So don’t feel bad if your thoughts go from “Can someone write my paper?” to “Write me a paper asap!” within the first few weeks of the college term. If you try to stay on top of all your responsibilities, you’ll likely burn out or suffer an anxiety attack sooner rather than later. You will soon forget about your plans to discover the party scene, visit your parents every other weekend, or find your soulmate on campus. Not only is it your first attempt at independent life free from parents’ oversight, but it’s also a completely new level of academic requirements and independent study many aren’t ready for.Īnd if you’re an overachiever or a perfectionist, keeping up with all the classes, assignments, extracurriculars, and side gigs will keep you up most nights. After all, college is an eye-opening experience for most students. If you’re suddenly wondering, “Can someone do my paper for me?”, there’s likely a very good reason for that. URL shortening isn't a complex task, at least from a user interface perspective, so this was mostly to get a feel for how nice they were to use and what extra features and analytics they offered. To update the list this year, I spent time with dozens of apps, shortening URLs and generally exploring how well they worked. I've been testing apps for this list for the past three years. Some free plans are almost better than other apps' paid plans, at least if you don't want incredibly detailed analytics. I paid particular attention to pricing tables and what each short URL generator offered at the different tiers. I also didn't consider apps that give you a single updatable URL to get around a social media profile's limits on the number of links you can have in your bio, although many link shorteners are now starting to offer a similar feature. For example, Ow.ly is fully integrated into Hootsuite, and most newsletter services have some kind of URL shortening and tracking. There are also URL shorteners built into other apps that I didn't consider. There are self-hosted versions, like Polr and YOURLS, that, while free and powerful, require too much technical knowledge to easily recommend. There are lots of different URL shortening options out there, and I limited my search to easy-to-set-up, standalone services. Many basic or free plans for a short link generator only let you change the last part of the URL (so you get ), while the more business-focused services enable you to use a custom domain (so you get squirre.ls/awesome). This means you can make your URLs more relevant, or use different links in multiple ads or social media posts to compare click-through rates. The best URL shorteners all allow you to customize your shortened URLs. Free services tend to have basic click tracking (although there's often a time limit and a limit on the number of total clicks tracked), while premium marketing options will collect as much data as possible-and even allow you to serve different URLs to people in different places or using different devices.Ĭustomization of URLs. Like with most marketing services, the more detailed and powerful these analytics, the higher the cost. If you use a URL shortener, however, you'll have a unique short URL, so you'll also be able to see how many clicks the link gets, where they're coming from, and what devices people are using. If you share a link to someone else's blog post with your audience, for example, you won't know much about how many people-and who-click through all that data will be in the other person's analytics account. In addition to that basic capability, here are the features I was looking for in a link shortener:Īnalytics and click tracking. If you're just sending things to your friends, you only really need to worry about URL shortening if you're exclusively using SMS. Twitter, for example, automatically shortens any shared links with its t.co shortening service ( at least when it works), while iMessage obscures any links behind a preview card. While URL shorteners used to be useful for shortening longer links to fit character limits on social media and messaging apps, a lot of platforms take care of that for you. And it's not just for ads for roommates URL shorteners allow you to provide a typable link on a business card, print ad, podcast interview, or any other situation where someone can't just click on a nice hyperlink. This shortened link means whoever sees your ad has an easy-to-type URL to visit, rather than having to type some long, unintelligible string of text where they're almost guaranteed to make a mistake. For example, if you're making an ad for a roommate, you can take something like, and turn it into. For more details on our process, read the full rundown of how we select apps to feature on the Zapier blog.Īt its most basic, a URL shortener takes some long, unwieldy link and turns it into a shorter link, one that's easy to share. We're never paid for placement in our articles from any app or for links to any site-we value the trust readers put in us to offer authentic evaluations of the categories and apps we review. We spend dozens of hours researching and testing apps, using each app as it's intended to be used and evaluating it against the criteria we set for the category. All of our best apps roundups are written by humans who've spent much of their careers using, testing, and writing about software. Played this one with our daughter and we both had a great time working through the puzzles together. We love this genre of games and Glitch does it very well. So sorry about that once again, rock on :) But after trying the game on a different phone recently again (apple v android, haha) we realize now thats how you made it. We actually wrote a bad review awhile ago because we mistook the flashbacks being so short as a bug. Glitch Games is a tiny independent ‘studio’ from the UK.Ĭhat with us on Discord – discord.gg/glitchgamesįollow us us on Facebook Updated on 29th November 2022
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